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\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 (\u0421\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10d6\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0-\u10e1\/\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10db\u10d0 &#8211; \u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10da\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8). \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 <strong><em>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1<\/em><\/strong> \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 <strong><em>\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db<\/em><\/strong> \u10e8\u10d5\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 (\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8).<br \/>\n\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 <strong><em>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1,<\/em><\/strong>\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4<strong><em> \u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1 <\/em><\/strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 <strong><em>\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10e5\u10dd\u10e1 <\/em><\/strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d0 &#8211; \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10ed\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10ef\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10ec\u10e0\u10d4 <strong><em>\u10d1\u10d4\u10e8\u10da\u10d0\u10db-\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10db (\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0) <\/em><\/strong>\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d0 <strong><em>\u10de\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8<\/em><\/strong> \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d4\u10e9\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 (\u10e9\u10d4\u10e9\u10dc\/\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e8:\u043f\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0440 &#8211; \u10db\u10ed\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8) \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ed\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 &#8211; \u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10d2\u10e3\u10d6\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1.<br \/>\n\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10de\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ef\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10de\u10e3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10eb\u10e3\u10d9\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10de\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d1\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10dd\u10e1 &#8211; \u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10e1\u00a0 \u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10da \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 &#8211; \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10e1\u10d0.<br \/>\n\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\/\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 (\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4, \u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd) . \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 (\u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 1929\u00a0\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1) . \u201e\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10ef\u10d8\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8.<br \/>\n\u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10df\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u201c.\u00a0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db, \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1, 1861 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd. \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. 1888 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u00a0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4-\u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10de\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3. 1895 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<br \/>\n\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d0 [\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0],\u00a0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 3000 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7-\u10da\u10dd\u10d0\u10db, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 2560 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1 <strong><em>\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>&#8211;<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1<\/em><\/strong> (\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u041c\u044f\u0442- \u0421\u0435\u043b\u0438) [9] \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd. \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2-\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d7\u10d0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10dc\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e5 \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 20-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 &#8211; 1925 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d4\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0.\u00a0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2-\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8. \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10d6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd, \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0.<br \/>\n\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2-\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 <strong><em>\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0-\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0<\/em><\/strong> (\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8: \u10e6\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10dd,\u041c\u044f\u0442\u0435\u0440-\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430) \u00a0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 (\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 3,88X2,75+3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8) &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 70 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10eb\u10d4\u10d2\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8. \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e4\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d4\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10d0 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e3\u10e6\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d0.<br \/>\n<strong><em>\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc-\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0<\/em><\/strong> (\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8: \u0421\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043d-\u0434\u044d\u043b\u0430 &#8211; \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8) \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 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